1. All-steel chassis
The all-steel chassis of IPC is designed according to the standard, which is anti-shock, anti-vibration and anti-electromagnetic interference, and a passive backplane compatible with PC-bus can be installed inside.
Industrial control chassis classification:
IPC (Industry Personal Computer) referred to as industrial computer, or hard disk video recorder, DVR (digital video recording). Industrial computers are used in harsh environments, and have strict requirements on product ease of maintenance, heat dissipation, dust prevention, product cycle, and even size. Therefore, when designing and selecting an industrial computer platform, more consideration is given to the design of the mechanism, and then to the consideration of performance.
Industrial control chassis classification:
(1) The height is generally divided into 1U (44MM*430MM*XX), 2U (88*430*XX), 3U, 4U (176MM*430MM*XX), 5U, 6U, 7U, 8U, etc. The height of a 1U is 44MM , other heights and so on;
(2) Length: There are two international standard lengths, 450MM and 505MM. According to the specific requirements of customers, other lengths can also be expanded, such as: 480MM, 500MM, 520MM, 530MM, 600MM, etc. The size of the 450MM~520MM case accounts for More than 90% of the market demand; the role of the elongated chassis is mainly the following three: one is to install a dual-CPU Xeon 12” * 13” motherboard, which must be 520MM in length to install such a large board; the other is to install Industrial CPU long cards or 300MM long video cards need enough expansion space; the last one is the consideration of cooling space, because some monitoring users need to install multi-channel video cards and multiple hard disks, such as 64-channel, 128-channel, etc., 10 A hard disk needs good cooling effect;
(3) Horizontal and wall-mounted
Wall Mount: In addition, as some equipment manufacturers need to place the Control Center (IPC) in their equipment. Therefore, there are stricter requirements on the volume of the industrial computer. The volume of the traditional rack-mounted 19-inch chassis is basically difficult to meet the requirements, so a wall-mounted chassis is introduced to meet such customer needs. For example, a certain brand of IPC-6606/6608 wall-mounted chassis series. Due to the small size of this type of chassis and the application environment inside a device, the design concept also focuses on heat dissipation and expansion performance. The figure below shows the internal state of the cabinet where IPC-6806 is applied to a test platform.
Internal structure of industrial control chassis:
Hard disk rack, optical drive rack: There are generally two types of hard disk racks, one is a split type, and the other is a pressure card type. High-quality chassis generally have metal spring shock-proof function; the number of installed hard disks is generally from 4 to 15;
Bottom plate: There are various specifications of the bottom plate; it is mainly divided by the specifications of the motherboard. Ordinary motherboards can generally be installed; among them, a chassis with a length of 520MM or less cannot be installed with a 12*13 dual-to-power board motherboard, and a chassis with a length of 520MM must be installed.
Pressure card strip: mainly plays a fixed role. When installing a video long card with security monitoring, or an industrial CPU long card, the long card must be fixed to avoid shaking and instability during use.
Expansion of rear slots: there are 7 slots or 14 slots; the main purpose of the 14-slot backplane is to install multi-channel video cards, such as some large monitoring systems, 64 channels or 128 channels must be replaced. 14-slot backplane;
Thermal conduction of industrial control chassis: The rationality of the heat dissipation structure is an important factor related to whether the computer can work stably.
Shock resistance of the industrial control chassis: When the industrial control chassis is working, the optical drive, hard disk, and multiple fans in the chassis will vibrate at high speed, and the vibration can easily lead to misreading of the disc, damage to the hard disk track, and data loss. , so the shock resistance of the chassis is also a key structural design scheme of the chassis.
Electromagnetic shielding of industrial control chassis: When the host is working, the main board, CPU, memory and various boards will generate a large amount of electromagnetic radiation, which will cause certain damage to the human body if it is not prevented. At this time, the chassis has become an important line of defense to shield electromagnetic radiation and protect health. A well-shielded chassis can also effectively block external radiation interference and ensure that the internal components of the computer are not affected by external radiation. In order to increase the heat dissipation effect of the industrial control chassis, the necessary parts of the chassis will have holes, including the side plate holes of the box body, the air intake holes of the exhaust fan, and the exhaust holes of the exhaust fan, etc., so the shape of the holes must conform to the technology that can block radiation. Require. The openings on the chassis should be as small as possible, and round holes with strong radiation blocking ability should be used as much as possible. Secondly, pay attention to the electromagnetic shielding of various indicator lights and switch wiring. Longer connecting wires need to be designed as stranded wires, and the exposed welded metal parts at both ends of the wires must be wrapped with rubber sleeves, so as to avoid electromagnetic radiation generated by electrical circuits in the chassis.
2. Passive backplane
The slots of the passive backplane consist of bus expansion slots. The bus expansion slot can be composed of multiple slots for expanding the ISA bus, PCI bus, PCI-E bus, and PCIMG bus according to the actual application of the user. There are requirements for the combination and matching of various buses in the version. For example, the PCIMG1.3 version bus does not provide ISA bus support. The board has a four-layer structure, and the middle two layers are the ground layer and the power layer. This structure can weaken the logic signal on the board. mutual interference and reduce power supply impedance. The backplane can be plugged with various boards, including CPU cards, display cards, control cards, and I/O cards.
3. Industrial power supply
In the early days, the previous industrial computers, which were dominated by Intel Pentium processors, were mainly used as AT switching power supplies. At present, like PCs, they mainly use ATX power supplies, with an average trouble-free running time of 250,000 hours.
4. CPU card
There are many kinds of IPC CPU cards, which can be divided into long cards and half-length cards according to the size. Most of them use desktop system processors, such as 386\486\586\PIII in the early days, and now the mainstream is P4, Core Duo, etc. Processors, motherboard users can choose any according to their needs. Its main features are: working temperature 0-60 ℃; with hardware "watchdog" timer; some CPU cards that require low power consumption use embedded series of CPUs.
5. Other accessories
Other accessories of IPC are basically compatible with PC, mainly including CPU, memory, graphics card, hard disk, floppy drive, keyboard, mouse, CD-ROM, monitor and so on.
IPC has been widely used in all aspects of industry and people's life.
For example: control site, road and bridge control charging system, medical equipment, environmental protection monitoring, communication security, intelligent traffic control system, building monitoring and security, voice call center, queuing machine, POS counter cash register, numerical control machine tool, fuel dispenser, financial information processing , petrochemical data acquisition and processing, geophysical exploration, field portable operations, environmental protection, military industry, electric power, railways, highways, aerospace, subways, intelligent buildings, outdoor advertising, etc.
In layman's terms, industrial computer is a computer specially designed for industrial sites, and industrial sites generally have strong vibration, a lot of dust, and high electromagnetic field force interference. Usually no rest. Therefore, the industrial computer must have the following characteristics compared with ordinary computers:
1. The chassis adopts steel structure, which has high anti-magnetic, dust-proof and shock-proof ability.
2. There is a special bottom plate in the chassis, and there are PCI and ISA slots on the bottom plate.
3. There is a special power supply in the chassis, and the power supply has strong anti-interference ability.
4. The ability to work continuously for a long time is required.
5. Generally use a standard chassis that is easy to install (4U standard chassis is more common)
Note: Except for the above features, the rest are basically the same. In addition, due to the above professional characteristics, the price of industrial computers of the same level is more expensive than that of ordinary computers, but generally not much difference.
Although the industrial computer has unique advantages compared with ordinary commercial computers, its disadvantage is also very obvious - poor data processing capability, as follows:
1. The configuration hard disk capacity is small;
2. Low data security;
3. Small storage selectivity;
4, the price is higher.
Daily use and maintenance of industrial computer At present, industrial computer is used in many occasions, but there are not many people who can really turn industrial computer very well. It is often seen that some people are busy for a long time and still can't troubleshoot the machine, while some people use it with ease. This difference comes from the correct management and maintenance of the industrial computer by the user. An industrial computer is an industrial computer designed to adapt to special and harsh environments. Its power supply, chassis, and motherboard are designed to adapt to long-term uninterrupted operation. In order to use it better and keep it in good working performance, it must be properly and reasonably maintained in daily use.
First of all, to give the industrial computer a stable working environment. If the machine vibrates while reading and writing to or from the disk or hard disk, the drive will be severely worn out or the hard disk will be damaged. If it is to be placed against the wall, there should be at least a gap from the wall to ensure good heat dissipation, otherwise, it will cause accelerated aging of components. Specifically, do the following:
1. Chassis
The chassis includes an industrial control power supply, a passive backplane, and a fan. Industrial control power supply: It serves for N hours of uninterrupted startup, so its performance is better. The main thing to pay attention to is to minimize the entry of dust and prevent dust from affecting the operation of the fan. Prevent instantaneous power failure. Instantaneous power failure and sudden call will often generate an instantaneously extremely high voltage, which is likely to "burn" the computer, and voltage fluctuations (too low or too high) will also cause damage to the computer. Therefore, it should be equipped with a power supply as much as possible. In addition, it should also be anti-static and anti-lightning.
Passive backplane: It provides power for various boards including ,) (cards, graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, etc.), and its daily maintenance should pay attention to three points: do not dial the board when the backplane is live Do not use excessive force or excessive force when dialing the card. When cleaning the bottom plate with alcohol, be careful to prevent the tool from scratching the bottom plate. Dust should not accumulate in the slot, otherwise it will cause poor contact or even short circuit. Whether the metal feet in the slot are aligned and bent, otherwise it will affect the operation of the board in the system, which will cause various phenomena such as no display when booting, the board cannot be found, and the machine crashes. Fan: The fan in the industrial control box is specially designed for the industrial computer. It blows air into the chassis to reduce the temperature in the chassis. It should pay attention to whether the power supply is connected to the plug, and the filter outside the fan should be cleaned regularly (once a month) to prevent excessive dust from entering the chassis, and it is forbidden to damage the fan blades by sharp objects.
2. Motherboard
The main board of the industrial computer is specially designed for long-term operation in special environments with high and low temperatures. It should be noted in use: it cannot be plugged in with electricity (memory sticks, mouse, keyboard behind the board, etc.), plugged in with electricity Dial will cause the jack to be damaged, unusable, or even damage the motherboard. The jumper on the motherboard cannot be jumped casually. Check the manual or user manual, otherwise it will be damaged due to the different voltage settings of different types of motherboards. The dust on the motherboard should be cleaned regularly. Alcohol or water should not be used. Dry brushes, vacuum cleaners or leather tigers should be used to absorb or blow off the dust. Keep the memory slots on the motherboard clean and free of broken or crooked feet. The gold fingers inserted into the passive base plate under the main board should be clean, and should be firmly inserted on the base plate and inserted in place.
3, hard disk, optical drive, floppy drive
Hard disk: Do not disassemble the hard disk at will to avoid vibration and extrusion. Try not to turn off the power of the computer while the hard disk is running, as a sudden shutdown will cause the hard disk tracks to be damaged and data to be lost. Do not touch the jumper device on the hard disk arbitrarily. When handling, it must be packed in anti-static plastic bags or fixed with shock-proof pressure materials such as sponges, and frequently check for viruses to prevent corrosion. When there is an energy saving function in the operating system, try to use it reasonably to prolong the service life of the hard disk.
CD-ROM: Do not open the CD-ROM door at will during use. Do not use damaged or pirated CDs to prevent dust from entering the CD-ROM. Do not vibrate, distort, or beat the CD-ROM during use. The data cable should be connected smoothly to ensure that the optical drive reads the disk smoothly.
Floppy drive: Do not put bad or poisonous disks into the floppy drive, do not use inferior or moldy floppy disks, and collide with sharp objects to prevent scratching the magnetic head. When the floppy drive is reading and writing to the disk (the floppy drive indicator light is on), do not take out the disk forcibly to prevent damage to the head or offset the head, resulting in failure to read and write normally.
4. Various boards
The card should be dustproof, the pins should be intact, the vertical insertion of the card should not be distorted, and the connector on the external jack of the card should not be plugged in with electricity.
