The main categories of industrial control systems are: IPC (PC bus industrial computer, industrial computer), PLC (programmable control system), DCS (distributed control system), FCS (field bus system) and CNC (numerical control system).
1. IPC
The industrial computer is an industrial computer based on the PC bus. According to IPC statistics in 2000 PC
IPC (Figure 1)
IPC (Figure 1)
It has accounted for more than 95% of general-purpose computers. Because of its low price, high quality, large output and rich software/hardware resources, it has been familiar and recognized by the majority of technical personnel, which is the basis of industrial computer fever. Its main components are industrial chassis, passive backplane and various boards that can be inserted on it, such as CPU card, I/O card, etc. And adopt the design of all-steel casing, machine card layer filter, double positive pressure fan and EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) technology to solve the electromagnetic interference, vibration, dust, high/low temperature and other problems in the industrial site.
IPC has the following characteristics:
Reliability: Industrial PC has the capability of rapid diagnosis and maintainability in dust, smoke, high/low temperature, humidity, vibration, corrosion and maintenance. Its MTTR (Mean Time to Repair) is generally 5min and MTTF is more than 100,000 hours, while the MTTF of ordinary PC is only 10,000 ~15000 hours.
Real-time, the industrial PC performs real-time online detection and control of the industrial production process, responds quickly to changes in working conditions, collects and adjusts output in time (the watchdog function is not available in ordinary PCs), self-reset in distress, Ensure the normal operation of the system.
Expansion, industrial PC has strong input and output functions due to the baseboard + CPU card structure, and can expand up to 20 boards, which can be connected with various peripherals and boards in the industrial field, such as with road controllers, video surveillance Systems, vehicle detectors, etc. are connected to complete various tasks.
Compatibility, can use ISA and PCI and PICMG resources at the same time, and support various operating systems, multi-language assembly, multi-tasking operating systems.
2. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
PLC English full name Programmable Logic Controller, Chinese full name Programmable Logic Controller
IPC (Figure 2)
IPC (Figure 2)
controller. Definition: A digitally operated electronic system specially designed for use in an industrial environment. It uses a programmable memory to store instructions for performing operations such as logic operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, and controls various types of mechanical equipment or production through digital or analog input and output. process.
Programmable controller is a new type of general-purpose automatic control device developed by the combination of computer technology and automatic control technology, which is suitable for industrial environments. It appears as a replacement product for traditional relays. With the rapid development of microelectronic technology and computer technology, programmable controller has more functions of computer, which can not only realize logic control, but also have functions such as data processing, communication and network. Because it can change the control process through software, and has the characteristics of small size, convenient assembly and maintenance, simple programming, high reliability, and strong anti-interference ability, it has been widely used in various fields of industrial control, greatly promoting the development of mechatronics. process.
3. Distributed Control System (DCS)
The full name of DCS in English is Distributed Control System, and the full name in Chinese is Distributed Control System. It is a series of distributed control system products with high performance, high quality, low cost and flexible configuration. Domain needs for process control and information management. The modular design of the system, the reasonable configuration of software and hardware functions and the ability to expand easily, can be widely used in the decentralized control of various large, medium and small power plants, the transformation of power plant automation systems, as well as steel, petrochemical, paper, cement, etc. Industrial production process control.
4. Fieldbus System (FCS)
The full name of FCS is Fieldbus Control System in English, and the full name in Chinese is Fieldbus Control System. It is an all-digital serial, two-way communication system. In-system measurement and control equipment such as probes, actuators and controllers can be interconnected, monitored and controlled. In the grading of the factory network, it not only serves as a local network for process control (such as PLC, LC, etc.) and application of intelligent instruments (such as frequency converters, valves, bar code readers, etc.), but also has embedded control applications on the network. Features. Due to its broad application prospects, many powerful foreign manufacturers are competing to invest in product development. Today, there are more than 40 types of fieldbuses known in the world. The more typical fieldbuses are: FF, Profibus, LONworks, CAN, HART, CC-LINK and so on.
5. Numerical control system (CNC)
The full name of CNC in English is Computer numerical control, and the full name in Chinese is computer numerical control system.
The industrial computer is a numerical control system using a microprocessor or a special microcomputer. The system program (software) stored in the memory in advance realizes the control logic, realizes part or all of the numerical control functions, and connects with the peripheral equipment through the interface, which is called a computer. Numerical control, referred to as CNC system. CNC machine tools are mechatronic products formed by the penetration of new technologies represented by CNC systems into the traditional machinery manufacturing industry; its technical scope covers many fields:
1) Mechanical manufacturing technology;
2) Information processing, processing and transmission technologies;
3) Automatic control technology;
4) Servo drive technology;
5) Sensor technology;
6) Software technology, etc.
