Liquid crystal is a partially ordered substance composed of disc-shaped molecules, rod-shaped molecules, and other molecules that do not have spherical symmetry. It is different from an isotropic liquid in which the molecular arrangement is completely chaotic, and it is also different from a crystal in which the molecular arrangement is completely ordered.
Because of the molecular arrangement between the liquid and the crystal and the special shape and properties of the molecules themselves, the liquid crystal exhibits the characteristics of liquid and crystal, and even features far more complex than them. On the one hand, liquid crystals have fluid flow characteristics; on the other hand, liquid crystals can exhibit the inherent spatial anisotropy of crystals, including spatial anisotropy of magnetic polarization, dielectric, and optical refractive index.
The order of the molecular parts of the liquid crystal module can also allow the liquid crystal to have a shear stress similar to the crystal that can withstand this order. That is to say: liquid crystal also has a modulus of shear elasticity. In practical applications, the fluidity of the liquid crystal, the anisotropy of the dielectric and optical properties, and the elasticity of the liquid crystal are all very important parts, which can control the parameters of the liquid crystal display performance.
